Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are composed of multiple layers of graphene sheets rolled into a cylindrical structure, with a fixed distance maintained between layers to form a coaxial tube structure. Their diameters typically range from 5 to 30 nm, and their lengths can vary from a few micrometers to several tens of micrometers, depending on the preparation methods and conditions. The purity of industrial-grade MWCNTs can reach 95% or higher, ensuring their stability and reliability in applications. The main preparation method for industrial-grade MWCNTs is chemical vapor deposition (CVD). During the CVD process, carbon sources (such as methane, acetylene, etc.) decompose and deposit into tubular structures at high temperatures under the action of catalysts (such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and other transition metals). By controlling reaction conditions and using specific catalysts, precise control over the diameter, length, and structural characteristics of MWCNTs can be achieved.

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