Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are composed of multiple layers of graphene sheets rolled into cylinders, with a fixed distance maintained between the layers, forming a coaxial tubular structure. Their diameters typically range from 5 to 30 nm, and their lengths can vary from a few micrometers to several tens of micrometers, depending on the preparation method and conditions. The purity of industrial-grade multi-walled carbon nanotubes can reach 95% or higher, ensuring stability and reliability in applications. The main method for preparing industrial-grade multi-walled carbon nanotubes is chemical vapor deposition (CVD). During the CVD process, carbon sources (such as methane or acetylene) decompose and deposit into tubular structures at high temperatures under the action of catalysts (such as transition metals like iron, cobalt, or nickel). By controlling reaction conditions and using specific catalysts, precise control over the diameter, length, and structural characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes can be achieved.

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