High-quality nanoscale single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are seamless tubular carbon nanomaterials formed by rolling a single layer of graphene, possessing quasi-one-dimensional nanostructures. Their diameters typically range from 0.7 to 2.0 nm (commonly 1–1.5 nm), with lengths in the micrometer range (usually 1–50 μm, with a high aspect ratio >10³–10⁴). They are high-purity (>95%), highly crystalline nanotubes with very few structural defects. Composed of sp²-hybridized carbon atoms forming a strong hexagonal carbon network, they exhibit ultra-high electrical conductivity (metallic conductivity >10⁶ S/m), excellent thermal conductivity (axial thermal conductivity >3000 W/(m·K)), exceptional mechanical strength (tensile strength >100 GPa), and unique surface chemical activity (amenable to functional modification). They appear as black powder (forming a uniform black suspension upon dispersion) and can be classified into metallic (highly conductive) and semiconducting (with tunable bandgap) types. They are core nanomaterials for high-end electronics, advanced composite materials, and new energy applications.

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