Nanoenzyme is a kind of nanomaterial with stable structure, adjustable catalytic activity, functional diversity, recyclability and large-scale preparation. In recent years, it has become a research hotspot in the field of artificial enzyme, and is expected to become a potential substitute and competitor of natural enzyme in practical application. With the deepening of research and the demand of wide application, the development of nano enzyme with catalytic performance equal to or even better than that of natural enzyme has become a key research topic in this field. Most of the nanoenzymes reported in the past were obtained by random synthesis and screening, and their catalytic efficiency was far lower than that of natural enzymes. In order to develop high activity nano enzyme, researchers assumed that there was a general relationship between the structure and activity of nano enzyme and natural enzyme, and grafted the catalytic principle of natural enzyme into the reasonable design of nano enzyme, and proposed the optimization strategy of nano enzyme. Based on this bio inspired strategy, a series of nanoenzymes have been synthesized successfully. Their catalytic activities are similar to or even exceed those of natural enzymes. At present, the reasonable design of high activity bio activated nanoenzyme has become a hot spot in the research of nanoenzyme.

Recently, Professor Fan Kelong and academician Yan Xiyun of Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences reviewed the recent representative research progress in the design and construction of bioinspired nanoenzyme system, and committed to introducing strategic concepts into the bioinspired optimization of nanoenzyme.

Key points of the article

1) By simulating the key structural characteristics of natural enzyme, such as amino acid microenvironment, metal free structure, coordination structure of active center and cofactor of adhesion, the research progress of nano enzyme improvement was summarized.

2) In this paper, the conceptual framework of bioinspired nanoenzymes is described, and some strategies worth trying in the future are put forward: (I) improving the specificity of catalysis; II) tap the catalytic potential of non-metallic elements; III) improve the flexibility and variability of active sites; IV) reveal the relationship between the key structure and activity of nanoenzyme; v) In depth assessment of biosafety).

This bio inspired perception is expected to arouse people s extensive interest in basic research and practical application, and provide more inspiration for the rational design of nanoenzymes.

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