Effective wound healing and functional bone regeneration after tooth extraction remain clinical challenges, highlighting the significant need for multifunctional strategies to address the complex, multi-stage, and translational demands of alveolar management. In this study, an injectable active biotherapeutic hydrogel was developed by integrating the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CP NPs) into a photo-crosslinkable polyethylene glycol (PEG) matrix. Upon in situ injection and activation with dental blue light, the hydrogel rapidly formed an adhesive, protective, and bioactive scaffold that conformed to the extraction socket.In terms of treatment, LGG probiotics remodel the wound microenvironment through antibacterial and immunomodulatory bioactivities, promoting early healing. At the same time, LGG can also promote the release of calcium and phosphate ions from CP cell NPs, synergizing with microbe-assisted biomineralization to facilitate osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. In vitro and in vivo validations confirm that this probiotic mineral bio-therapeutic hydrogel integrates infection control, immune modulation, and bone induction within a single clinically deployable platform. It represents not only a transformative strategy for post-tooth extraction alveolar management but also a paradigm for the development of living biomaterials in dynamic tissue engineering applications.

Original link

Pub Date : 2026-01-02

DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.051

Jingmei Guo,  Wenlong Lei,  Boyi Li,  Kaifeng Li,  Jiyun Li,  Zhuoran Wang,  He Liu,  Cui Huang,  Ya Shen