Titanium-based dental and orthopedic implants face challenges to long-term success in patients with poor conditions. Achieving local drug release through surface modification of Ti implants is an attractive strategy to improve the clinical success of implants. Among various surface topographies and chemical modifications, electrochemically anodized titanium implants with titanium (TiO-2) nanotubes or TNTs can enhance implant-tissue integration and directly load and release potent therapeutics in the implant microenvironment.Nanoparticles (NPs) based on Ag, Au, Ga, Cu, Zn, and others have been incorporated into TNT/Ti implants to achieve synergistic therapies, including osseointegration, immunomodulation, and antibacterial effects. However, the balance between therapeutic effects and toxicity of NP-decorated TNT has not been fully established and requires further research.This comprehensive review examines in detail whether NPs incorporated with TNTs can achieve superior therapeutic potential without inducing cytotoxicity. The review highlights key research gaps and future directions in the field to ensure the clinical translatability of such novel customizable therapeutic implants.

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https://www.x-mol.com/paper/1966020049845907456/t?adv