Food allergies are triggered by abnormal immune responses to dietary allergens and can potentially cause severe or even life-threatening reactions. Current treatment methods are still limited by partial efficacy and long-term regimens. This article introduces a bio-hybrid formulation composed of macrophage membrane-derived nanoparticles and the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 for targeted, multimodal oral therapy against food allergies. The nanoparticles are loaded with an enzyme capable of degrading allergens.And through click-chemistry conjugation onto probiotics. This design allows the bio-hybrids to neutralize pro-inflammatory cytokines, degrade allergens, and enhance gut targeting and retention. In vitro, the formulation demonstrated strong cytokine binding and effective allergen degradation. In mouse models of casein- and gluten-induced allergies, oral administration of this bio-hybrid drug suppressed inflammatory cytokines, restored gut microbial diversity, and alleviated symptoms such as weight loss, diarrhea, and elevated immunoglobulin E levels. Histological analysis showed that intestinal structure was preserved, and no systemic or gastrointestinal toxicity was observed, indicating good tolerability of this bio-hybrid system.

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DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5c18828