The spatial heterogeneity of the pathological factors in chronic diabetic wounds (DCWs) limits the development of effective treatment strategies. This book introduces an integrated wound dressing based on hydrogels and a dissolution microneedle array (H@MN) to coordinate a novel spatiotemporal cascade reaction strategy. Compared with the classical time cascade reaction, the characteristic of the spatiotemporal cascade reaction is spatially segregated catalysts, which rely on the cross-regional diffusion of initial reaction products to subsequent catalyst sites to drive sequential catalytic processes. For the pathological features of DCWs, glucose oxidase (GOX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) catalytic reactions were selected, which were catalyzed by natural enzymes or nanoenzymes. By integrating these catalysts into the spatiotemporal cascade reaction within H@MN, it can intervene and dynamically regulate the pathological factors in different spatial domains of the DCW, covering different time phases. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed that the spatiotemporal cascade reaction achievable by H@MN, when combined with photothermal therapy, can achieve superior healing effects in DCWs. The spatiotemporal cascade reaction achieved by H@MN is considered to inspire a generalizable strategy for treating various diseases with spatially variable pathological microenvironment characteristics, providing a promising paradigm for advanced treatment. This research was published in Advanced Materials under the title "A Hydrogel Dressing Integrated with Dissolving Microneedle Array Enables Spatiotemporal Cascade Reaction for Effective Diabetic Chronic Wound Treatment".
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DOI: 10.1002/adma.72903