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Periodontitis is the sixth most common bacteria-driven pandemic worldwide, characterized by the accumulation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tissue-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), leading to progressive periodontal destruction. Current treatment methods are limited by inaccurate diagnosis, incomplete biofilm removal, and insufficient tissue regeneration. To address these challenges, an injectable therapeutic Ce6@PEG MoOₓ-loaded hydrogel has been proposed, which achieves an integrated intelligent closed-loop system through a simple structure for comprehensive periodontitis management. After being injected into periodontal pockets, the hydrogel adheres to the tissue and responds to microenvironmental MMPs, enabling on-demand therapeutic release.By integrating photoacoustic imaging, the hydrogel facilitates non-invasive, precise, and repeatable measurement of the depth of porcine periodontal pockets, enabling the diagnosis and monitoring of periodontitis. Subsequently, the released oxygen vacancy-rich MoO× nanozyme alleviates cellular oxidative stress, generates oxygen to enhance Ce6-mediated photodynamic eradication of deep biofilms, and clears residual ROS after the antibacterial process. Notably, this system avoids off-target ROS production and photothermal damage, protecting surrounding tissues including the dental pulp, thereby demonstrating excellent light-controlled ROS modulation capabilities. In addition, the released Mo activates the PI3K/AKT pathway to upregulate angiogenic factors, reprogram the polarization of M2 macrophages, and stimulate osteogenesis in periodontal stem cells. Overall, this self-adaptive ecosystem integrates diagnosis, monitoring, biofilm debridement, and tissue regeneration, establishing a closed-loop precision therapy with significant clinical potential.
该研究以题为“ASelf-Adaptive Periodontal Ecosystem Engineered With Molybdenum-Based Nanozyme-EmbeddedComposite Hydrogel for Microenvironment-Responsive Precision Therapy”发表在Advanced Materials上。
Schematic diagram of the adaptive diagnosis and treatment Ce6@PEG-MoOx TG-gel ecosystem in periodontal disease management and its multifunctional capabilities. Gel refers to gelatin, and TG refers to transglutaminase used during the synthesis process.
Characterization of PEG-MoOx and Ce6@PEG-MoOx. (A) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of PEG-MoOx nanoparticles (NPs). (B) Size distribution of PEG-MoOx NPs obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS). (C) Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results and (D) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results of PEG-MoOx. (E) High-resolution XPS spectra showing multiple valence states of Mo in PEG-MoOx (Mo4, Mo5, and Mo6). (F) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of PEG-MoOx. (G) Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis results of PEG-MoOx. (H) Optimized spatial configuration of PEG-MoOx showing oxygen vacancies. (I) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of Ce6, PEG-MoOx, and Ce6@PEG-MoOx NPs.
Characterization of transglutaminase-crosslinked gelatin (TG-gel) hydrogels and their suitability for Ce6@PEG-MoOx delivery. (A) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of TG-gel hydrogels. (B) Gelation behavior of gelatin with or without TG at 37°C. (C) Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis of Ce6@PEG-MoOx-loaded hydrogels soaked in artificial saliva at 37°C for different time periods. (D) Adhesion performance of TG-gel hydrogels on porcine skin with or without Ce6@PEG-MoOx loading. (E) Lap shear test of hydrogel adhesives between human tooth roots and porcine gum.
Reference:
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202522859
