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The golden-yellow Staphylococcus aureus membrane vesicles (MVs) can cause host damage and excessive inflammation, but the pathological role and clearance strategies of these vesicles remain unclear. Guided by the molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction between membrane vesicles and polymers, we designed poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) electrospun nanofibers based on imidazolium ions for targeted interception of membrane vesicles. Among various formulations, PIL-C4 exhibited the best performance, featuring potent antibacterial activity, strong adsorption capacity for Staphylococcus aureus membrane vesicles and its virulence factors, low cytotoxicity, and the ability to inhibit the spread of drug resistance. In vivo, PIL-C4 reduced the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis) and vascular leakage induced by membrane vesicles, thereby reducing the damage of suppurative exudative wounds and preventing systemic organ damage including fatal lung injury. It is notable that the degradation of NETs mediated by DNase alone cannot rescue the pathological state of membrane vesicles, highlighting the necessity of direct removal of membrane vesicles. This study revealed the previously unrecognized Staphylococcus aureus membrane vesicle-driven NETosis phenotype - localized suppurative exudative wound damage and systemic lethal lung injury - and established a polymer-based clearance strategy with potential for transformation for infection control. The study was published in "Advanced Materials" under the title "Poly(Ionic Liquid) Nanofibers Suppress S. aureus Membrane Vesicle-Induced NETosis to Mitigate Wound and Lung Damage" and can be accessed at the DOI: 10.1002/adma.202519131.
