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The dynamic environment of the oral cavity poses challenges for local drug delivery, and traditional therapies often suffer from poor efficacy or patient discomfort. This study developed a heterogeneous microneedle patch based on gelatin methacryloyl, which can release different drugs in a sequential manner and integrates anti-inflammatory and tissue regeneration functions. The microneedle tip is loaded with a complex of proanthocyanidin B2 and tetrahedral DNA nanostructure, providing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; the base contains extracts from Periplaneta americana, used for tissue repair. The degradation of the hydrogel heterogeneous structure and solid content is achieved through time-programmed degradation: initially, the tip releases the complex preferentially, which is internalized by cells to enhance bioavailability; simultaneously, the biomimetic suction cup enhances the adhesion of the tissue in the moist dynamic oral environment, ensuring the stable delivery of the extract in the subsequent repair stage. In vitro and in vivo evaluations confirmed that this patch has significant anti-inflammatory efficacy, accelerates mucosal defect healing, and has good biocompatibility.
Research Highlights
This study constructed a heterogeneous microneedle patch that integrates the natural antioxidant loaded with tetrahedral DNA nanostructure and insect-derived repair extract onto a sequential release platform. Through precise heterogeneous structure design, it achieves time-controlled sequential delivery with the tip prioritizing degradation and the base subsequent release. The biomimetic suction cup structure significantly enhances the tissue adhesion stability in the moist environment, ensuring the reliability of the sequential action of the drug. This painless, time-controlled treatment strategy provides an innovative solution for anti-inflammatory and repair integration in oral mucosal lesions.
Key Innovations
① Time-controlled sequential release: Through heterogeneous structure design, the tip prioritizes degradation and the base subsequent release are achieved through precise control;
② Biomimetic wet adhesion enhancement: The suction cup structure enhances the stability of tissue adhesion in the moist environment;
③ Compound enhancement delivery: DNA nanostructure loaded with proanthocyanidin B2 improves the bioavailability of anti-inflammatory components.
Material Development
1 Materials
Heterogeneous microneedle patch based on gelatin methacryloyl, with proanthocyanidin B2 and tetrahedral DNA nanostructure complex loaded at the tip, and extracts from Periplaneta americana loaded at the base, and a biomimetic suction cup structure integrated.
2 Functions
The patch releases the complex preferentially in the initial stage to achieve anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and then continuously releases the extract to promote tissue repair. The biomimetic suction cup ensures stable adhesion and delivery in the moist environment.
Thought Extension
This work provides a new idea for the time-controlled regulation of drug delivery in the moist environment of oral mucosa. In the future, it can explore different anti-inflammatory-repair drug combinations, optimization of microneedle geometric parameters, and the universal application of biomimetic adhesion structures in other mucosal tissue engineering, further promoting the transformation of local treatment from "single release" to "time-coordinated functional programming".
Original Source
Materials & Design (IF 7.9) Pub Date : 2026-04-04,
DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115939 Qiuyun Zhang, Ting Zhang, Ruoyang He, Yeling Chen, Junling Wu, Baojin Ma, Fei Gao
