Since the beginning of winter, the new coronavirus epidemic has begun to repeat itself. Many viruses, such as influenza virus, SARS coronavirus, avian influenza virus, and human immunodeficiency virus, are difficult to control. The main reason is that these viruses are infected on the mucosal surface, have weak antigenicity, and are prone to antigen mutation and drug resistance mutations. This leads to poor clinical prevention or treatment of these viruses. The detection, prevention and treatment of infectious diseases are difficult problems in the medical field. The current control of viral infectious diseases is mainly based on vaccine prevention, but there is no effective treatment strategy for established viral infections. However, with the advancement of medical research, researchers have discovered that there are some antiviral materials in the world, and some have been clinically applied.


Gold nanoparticles
Gold nanoparticles have become an ideal delivery system and are used in different types of cell systems for drug delivery and release. This ideal delivery performance is closely related to many characteristics of gold nanoparticles.

(1) Among gold nanoparticles, the gold core is completely natural, non-toxic and biocompatible, which provides an ideal starting point for vector construction;

(2) Gold nanoparticles have a relatively wide size range (1-150nm), which can be easily dispersed and controlled, and size and dispersibility are the key factors of drug delivery systems;

(3) Gold nanoparticles have a photoelectric effect dependent on size and morphology;

(4) Gold nanoparticles have a higher surface area and are more conducive to drug loading.

Silver Nano Material
Among many antimicrobial materials, nano-silver is the most thoroughly studied and has medical applications. The antibacterial properties of silver have been known in ancient times. Metallic silver, silver nitrate and silver sulfadiazine cups are used for the treatment of burn wounds and the control of bacterial diseases such as dentistry.

Among many metals and their oxide nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have the best antimicrobial effect and the most extensive research. Many researchers have confirmed that silver nanoparticles have an effective inhibitory effect on bacteria, viruses, and fungi, especially for antibiotic-resistant strains also have a good growth inhibitory effect.

Silver nanoparticles of different sizes have different antibacterial effects, and generally their effects decrease with increasing particle size. In addition to silver nanoparticles, other shapes of silver nanomaterials, such as silver nanowires, silver nanorods, and silver nanohorns, also have antimicrobial effects, but their antibacterial effects are different.

In addition, nano silver can inhibit the growth of a variety of pathogens in clinical urology, orthopedics, oral surgery, dermatology and burns and scald surgery. Many trauma dressings, medical device coatings and masks contain nano silver .



Molybdenum oxide nanomaterial
There are few researches on the application of molybdenum oxide nanomaterials in biomedicine. With the development of nanomedicine science, some new functions of nano-molybdenum oxide have been gradually discovered, especially in the field of biomedicine, showing broad prospects. For example, molybdenum oxide nanodisks with specific surface morphology can be well used for antibacterial applications; two-dimensional layered molybdenum oxide nanoplates have a plasmon resonance effect, which can absorb near-infrared light, making them useful in photoacoustic diagnosis and treatment, tumors Photothermal removal and other biomedical applications are widely used; hollow molybdenum trioxide nanospheres have great application potential in the loading and delivery of insoluble drugs; 2nm size molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles can be used as biological enzyme catalysts Electron transfer realizes sulfite oxidase activity.