Since the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) depends on O2 concentration, its effect will be limited by tumor hypoxia. In order to overcome tumor hypoxia-induced PDT resistance, Chao Hui from Sun Yat-sen University, Wang Jinquan from Guangdong Pharmaceutical University and Zhang Xiting from Hong Kong University designed and synthesized a new type of self-oxygenated photosensitizer (Ru-g-C3N4) using a one-pot method.

In this paper, [Ru(bpy)2]2+ is coordinated to g-C3N4 nanosheets through Ru-N bond. Compared with pure g-C3N4, the prepared nanosheets have stronger water solubility, stronger visible light absorption and better biocompatibility. Once Ru-g-C3N4 is taken up by hypoxic tumor cells and exposed to visible light, it can not only catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 and H2O to produce O2, but also catalyze H2O2 and O2 at the same time to produce a variety of ROS (·OH, ·O2- and 1O2). Studies have shown that Ru-g-C3N4 has the function of luminescence imaging, which can continuously produce O2 to relieve hypoxia, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of PDT. This research work is also the first report of grafting a metal complex to g-C3N4 to construct a self-oxygen-supplying photosensitizer.

Fangmian Wei. et al. Ruthenium(II) Complexes Coordinated to Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Oxygen Self-Sufficient Photosensitizers Which Produce Multiple ROS for Photodynamic Therapy in Hypoxia. Biomaterials. 2021

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961221004208

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