Ma Guanghui, Dong Yizhou and others use nanotechnology to help develop the new crown vaccine!

1. Ma Guanghui AM: Granular alum obtains enhanced new crown vaccine adjuvant through Pickering emulsion

In order to quickly respond to the epidemic of COVID-19, the world must use the immunogenicity of existing preparations to obtain safe and effective vaccines. As the most readily available adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide (alum) is still the only adjuvant used in most countries. However, alum tends to attach to the membrane instead of entering dendritic cells (DC), resulting in a lack of intracellular transfer and antigen formation processes, thereby limiting T cell-mediated immunity. In order to solve this problem, Ma Guanghui, Yufei Xia and others from the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences filled alum on the squalene/water intermediate phase to form alum-stable Pickering emulsion (PAPE).

Key points of this article:

1) PAPE "inherited" the advantages of alum and squalene, showing good biological safety. Interestingly, in the densely arranged alum on the oil/water interface, PAPE not only adsorbs a large amount of SARS-CoV-2 antigen, but also has a higher affinity for DC uptake, which stimulates the uptake and cross-presentation of antigens for delivery.

2) Compared with the alum control group, the induced antigen-specific antibody titer is more than six times higher, and the number of T cells that secrete IFN-γ is three times higher, indicating that humoral and cellular immunity are effectively activated.

In summary, these data indicate that PAPE may provide potential insights for the establishment of a safe and effective adjuvant platform to enhance COVID-19 vaccination.

references:

Peng, S., et al., Particulate Alum via Pickering Emulsion for an Enhanced COVID‐19 Vaccine Adjuvant. Adv. Mater. 2020, 2004210.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202004210

2. Dong Yizhou AM: Using mRNA sequence and nanoparticles to deliver new coronavirus antigens in vivo

SARS-CoV-2 has become a worldwide epidemic; therefore, an effective vaccine is urgently needed. Recently, messenger RNA (mRNA) has become a promising platform for vaccination. For this reason, Dong Yizhou and others at Ohio State University in the United States systematically designed untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA to enhance protein production.

Key points of this article:

1) Through the comprehensive analysis of endogenous gene expression and the de novo design of UTR, the best combination of 5‘and 3‘UTR was determined and called NASAR, whose efficiency is 5 to 10 times higher than the tested endogenous UTR . More importantly, NASAR mRNA delivered by lipid-derived TT3 nanoparticles triggers the significant expression of potential SARS-CoV-2 antigen.

2) The antigen-specific antibodies induced by TT3 nanoparticles and NASAR mRNA are two orders of magnitude higher than the antigen-specific antibodies induced by the FDA-approved lipid nanoparticle material MC3 in vaccinated mice. These NASAR mRNAs are worthy of further development as an alternative SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

references:

Zeng, C., et al., Leveraging mRNA Sequences and Nanoparticles to Deliver SARS-CoV-2 Antigens In Vivo. Adv. Mater. 2020, 2004452.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202004452

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