[Biodaily] 2D materials, molecular imaging of atherosclerosis and other latest achievements express 20200408

The main points of this article:

1 ) The "smart" toilet is independent. By using pressure and motion sensors to operate autonomously, the user‘s urine is analyzed using the standard of care colorimetric analysis method, and the red, green and blue values are tracked from the image of the urine analysis bar, using computer vision as The urine meter calculates the flow rate and volume of urine, and uses deep learning to classify the stool according to the Bristol stool form scale. Its performance is comparable to that of trained medical staff.

2 ) Each user of the toilet is identified by their fingerprint and anal membrane characteristics, and the data is stored and analyzed securely in an encrypted cloud server. This toilet can be used for screening, diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of specific patient groups.

Park, S., Won, DD, Lee, BJ  et al. A mountable toilet system for personalized health monitoring via the analysis of excreta. Nat Biomed Eng (2020).

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-020-0534-9

2. [Anticancer prodrug ] Platinum (IV) complex activated on demand has unique anticancer mechanism | JACS

For personalized precision medicine in cancer treatment, people desperately want targeted anti-cancer drugs that can be targeted and activated. Such prodrugs with unique modes of action are also expected to overcome drug resistance. Here, Guangyu Zhu and others from the City University of Hong Kong reported on the photocaged Pt (IV) prodrug coumaplatin based on oxaliplatin to achieve nuclear accumulation and "on demand" activation.

The main points of this article:

1 ) The prodrug is based on Pt (IV) complex, which can be effectively activated by water oxidation without reducing agent. Coumaplatin can accumulate very efficiently in the nucleolus, and after photoactivation, the prodrug exhibits photocytotoxicity levels 2 orders of magnitude higher than oxaliplatin.

2 ) Unexpectedly, the prodrug has a significantly enhanced tumor penetration ability and uses a unique mode of action to overcome drug resistance; that is, coumaplatin instead of oxaliplatin-induced cell senescence, p53-independent cells Death and immunogenic cell death and T cell activation. This discovery not only provides a new strategy for the rational design of controllable activation and nucleolus-targeted Pt (IV) anticancer prodrugs, but also proves that the accumulation of conventional platinum drugs in the nucleus changes its typical mechanism of action and A practical method to reduce drug resistance.

Zhiqin Deng, et al. A Photocaged, Water-Oxidizing, and Nucleolus-Targeted Pt (IV) Complex with a Distinct Anticancer Mechanism. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2020.

DOI: 10.1021 / jacs.0c00221

https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c00221

3.  [Nanopharmaceuticals ] The influence of the mechanical properties of nanomedicines on their targeted tumors |Chem. Soc. Rev

In the past few decades, increasing the targeting properties of tumors by adjusting their mechanical properties has attracted more and more attention. Prof. Li Zifu, Prof. Gan Lu and Prof. Yang Xiangliang from Huazhong University of Science and Technology reviewed and analyzed the influence of the mechanical properties of nano-drugs on their in vivo behavior, and focused on their effects on drug delivery efficiency and anti-tumor effects.

The main points of this article:

1) The author summarizes the relevant progress since 2000 on the influence of the mechanical properties of nano-drugs on their targeted tumors, and introduces methods to adjust the mechanical properties of nano-drugs and related technologies to characterize the mechanical properties of nano-drugs.

2) Finally, the author also discussed the application prospects and many major challenges faced by nano drugs in tumor targeted drug delivery.

Zheng Li. Et al. Influence of nanomedicine mechanical properties on tumor targeting delivery.  Chemical Society Reviews . 2020

DOI: 10.1039 / c9cs00575g

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/cs/c9cs00575g#!divAbstract

4. [Two-dimensional material ] MXene printing and pattern coating for equipment applications | AM

Husam N. Alshareef and others from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology reviewed MXene printing and pattern coating for device applications. As a booming member of the 2D nanomaterial family, MXenes, that is, transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, have excellent electrochemical, electronic, optical and mechanical properties. They are widely used in energy storage, electronics, optoelectronics, biomedicine, sensors and catalysis. Compared with other 2D materials, MXenes has a unique set of properties, such as high metal conductivity, excellent dispersibility, negative surface charge and hydrophilicity, making it particularly suitable for printing inks.

The main points of this article:

1 ) Printing and front / back pattern coating methods represent a series of simple, cost-effective, multi-purpose, and environmentally friendly MXenes-based equipment manufacturing technologies.

2 ) In addition, printing can achieve complex 3D architecture and versatility, which is very needed in various applications. By printing and patterning the coating, by carefully patterning in three dimensions, the performance and application range of MXene can be greatly improved. Therefore, printing / coating is not only an equipment manufacturing tool, but also an enabling tool for new applications and industrialization.

Zhang, Y.‐Z., et al., MXene Printing and Patterned Coating for Device Applications. Adv. Mater. 2020, 1908486.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201908486

5. [Integrated diagnosis and treatment ] Radiolabeled nano-photosensitizer is used for imaging and treatment of multiple myeloma |ACS Nano

The rapid liver and spleen conditioning of nanoparticles (NPs) for systemic administration in vivo remains a fatal weakness of nanomedicine, usually only allowing a small portion of the material to reach the intended target tissue. Although focusing on organs that naturally dispose of nanoparticles is a viable option, it limits the many types of damage that may benefit from nanomedical interventions. Here, Samuel Achilefu and others from the University of Washington (St. Louis) designed a nanotherapeutic platform composed of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles. ( ⁸⁹ Zr) Radiolabeling is used to target bone marrow, distribution imaging of NPs, and to stimulate ROS production for cell killing.

The main points of this article:

1 ) Labeling TiO 2  NPswith ⁸⁹ Zrcan obtain non-chelating ⁸⁹ Zr-TiO 2 -Tf NPswith stable thermodynamics and kinetics without changing the shape of the nanoparticles.

2 ) ⁸⁹ Zr-TiO 2 -Tf treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells (a plasma cell disease originating from bone marrow) will produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces cancer cell killing through apoptosis.

3) Positron emission tomography / X-ray computed tomography (PET / CT) imaging and tissue biodistribution studies have shown that ⁸⁹ Zr-TiO 2 -Tf can be injected into mice to take advantageof the osteogenic effect of ⁸⁹ Zr. Approximately 70% of the injected radioactive material is localized in the bone tissue of mice.

4 ) The combination of PET / CT imaging of small animals to study NP distribution and bioluminescence imaging of cancer progression showed that in a diffuse MM mouse model, single-dose ⁸⁹ Zr-TiO 2 -Tf treatment completely suppressed euthanasia in untreated mice Cancer grows and at least doubles the survival rate of treated mice. Mice treated withZr-TiO 2 -Tf, ⁸⁹ Zr-oxalate or ⁸⁹ Zr-Tf had no effect compared with the untreated control group. This study reveals an effective radionuclide-sensitized nanophototherapy paradigm for the treatment of multiple myeloma and other malignant tumors that may be related to bone.

Rui Tang, et al. Osteotropic Radiolabeled Nanophotosensitizer for Imaging and Treating Multiple Myeloma, ACS Nano, 2020.

DOI: 10.1021 / acsnano.9b09618

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b09618

6. [Nanomedicine ] A nano-platform can simultaneously realize the imaging and elimination of endometriosis tissues! | Small

Endometriosis is a painful disease. Endometrioid tissues will form lesions outside the uterine cavity, and it is difficult to identify and remove these lesions during surgery. Based on this, Oleh Taratula of Oregon State University and Ov D. Slayden of Oregon University of Health and Science proposed a nano-platform that uses real-time near infrared (NIR) fluorescence and photothermal therapy (PTT) to simultaneously depict and ablate the endometrium Ectopic organization.

The main points of this article:

1 ) The nanoplatform includes a dye-naphthalocyanine silicon (SiNc), which can simultaneously perform near-infrared fluorescence imaging and PTT, and a polymer nanoparticle, which is used as a SiNc carrier to enter the endometrium after systemic administration Bit organization. In order to obtain high contrast during fluorescence imaging of endometriosis lesions, the nanoparticles are non-fluorescent before the endometriosis cells are internalized.

2 ) In vitro studies confirmed that these nanoparticles activate fluorescence signals after internalization of rhesus monkey endometrial stromal cells, and ablate them by raising the cell temperature to 53 ° C when interacting with near-infrared light.

3 ) In order to prove the effectiveness of nanoparticles in vivo, the biopsies of rhesus monkey endometrium and endometriosis were transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Intraoperative imaging of the Fluobeam800 system showed that 24 hours after intravenous injection, the nanoparticles effectively accumulated in the endometriosis plants. Finally, the nanoparticles increased the temperature of endometriotic plants exposed to near-infrared light to 47 ° C, which eliminated them completely after a single treatment.

Abraham S. Moses, et al. Nanoparticle‐Based Platform for Activatable Fluorescence Imaging and Photothermal Ablation of Endometriosis. Small, 2020.

DOI: 10.1002 / smll.201906936

https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201906936

7. [Molecular Imaging] Advances in Molecular Imaging Research for Atherosclerotic Plaque and Thrombosis | Nanoscale

Complications of atherosclerosis such as myocardial infarction and stroke are still one of the main causes of death. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic tools to detect atherosclerotic plaques and thrombosis early. Molecular imaging probes based on functionalized nanomaterials can be combined with advanced imaging technology, which also provides many new strategies for monitoring the development of atherosclerosis. Professor Gao Mingyuan of Suzhou University reviewed the research progress of various molecular probes in the diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaque and thrombosis in recent years, and prospected its application prospects in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.

The main points of this article:

1) The author first summarizes the biological targets currently available for atherosclerosis and thrombus imaging.

2) Subsequently, the author also focused on the emerging molecular imaging technology based on engineered nanoprobes and its challenges in the clinical translation process.

Ruirui Qiao. Et al. Recent advances in molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaques and thrombosis.  Nanoscale . 2020

DOI: 10.1039 / d0nr00599a

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/nr/d0nr00599a#!divAbstract

Source of information: Strange Theory