Large-scale preparation of Ti3C2

Six milliliters of deionized water (DI H2O), 12 mL of 12 M hydrochloric acid (Fisher Scientific), and 2 mL of 29 M hydrofluoric acid (Acros Organics) were combined ina 60-mL high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottle and heated to 35℃. While magnetically stirring at 300 rpm with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) stir bar, 1 g of Ti3AlC2 was added over 10 min and allowed to continuously stir for 24 h. The solution was removed from stirring and washed with DI H2O with repeated centrifugation and decantation steps until the supernatant reached pH 6. Centrifugation was performed with 175 mL at 3,500 rpm until sedimentation. After final decantation,Ti3C2 multilayer sediment was dispersed in 0.5 M LiCl solution (50 mL DI H2O and 1 g LiCl per 1 g of Ti3AlC2 MAX etched) in a 60-mL HDPE bottle, heated to 25℃, and magnetically stirred at 300 rpm with a PTFE stir bar for 24 h for intercalation/delamination. The MXene/LiCl solution was removed from stirring and washed with DI H2O with repeated centrifugation and decantation steps until the supernatant reached pH 6. After pH 6, the steps continued but the supernatant was collected instead of decanted.