Abstract:

This review addresses the core scientific issues of osteoporotic bone defects, focusing on the inhibitory effect of the pathological bone microenvironment on bone regeneration. It breaks through the limitations of traditional biomaterial classifications and constructs a conceptual framework for biomaterial classification that aligns with the intrinsic functions of the bone microenvironment. This study deeply links biomaterial design with the pathological mechanisms of the bone microenvironment, clarifies the core positioning of biomaterials as active regulators of the pathological microenvironment, and meanwhile explores the applications of bone organoids and artificial intelligence in research models, providing a systematic theoretical framework and forward-looking research ideas for osteoporotic bone regeneration research.