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Research Background
In recent years, biological macromolecular drugs have become an important direction in global drug research and development. Compared with small molecule chemical drugs, biological macromolecular drugs such as peptides, antibodies, and nucleic acids have unique advantages such as strong targeting, significant efficacy, and low toxic side effects. They show great potential in the treatment of major diseases such as tumors, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. However, the clinical application of these drugs faces severe challenges: their structures are complex and unstable, and they are easily degraded by oral administration. Traditional transdermal preparations are difficult to effectively penetrate. Therefore, they are currently mainly administered by injection, which not only leads to poor patient compliance but also significantly increases medical costs.
Microneedle technology provides an innovative solution to break through this bottleneck. This technology can directly penetrate the stratum corneum and generate microchannels to achieve efficient drug delivery, combining the advantages of injectable and transdermal drug delivery preparations. With the continuous development of new biomaterials, the application of microneedle technology has expanded from transdermal drug delivery to various new drug delivery routes such as oral mucosa and cardiovascular tissues.
Although microneedle technology has developed rapidly, its clinical translation still faces a series of challenges, including limited drug loading capacity, immature production processes, and insufficient long-term safety evidence. At the same time, the precise regulation ability of intelligent responsive drug release systems also urgently needs to be improved. Therefore, systematically reviewing the latest research progress of biological macromolecular microneedle delivery systems is of great value for promoting the development of a new generation of intelligent microneedle systems and providing key theoretical basis and technical support for promoting the clinical translation of biological macromolecular drugs. DOI Prefix: 10.3413
